Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with different OSA status.
| Variables | Diagnosed OSA | At High Risk for OSA | At Low Risk for OSA | Total | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 38 (63%) | 34 (61%) | 24 (53%) | 96 (59%) | .574a |
| Female | 22 (37%) | 22 (39%) | 21 (47%) | 65 (41%) | |
| Age, mean ± SD, y (n) | 7.4 ± 2.3 (60) | 11.0 ± 2.4 (56) | 10.8 ± 2.9 (45) | 9.6 ± 3.1 (161) | < .001b |
| BMI z-score, mean ± SD (n) | 0.51 ± 1.2 (38) | 0.88 ± 1.3 (42) | 0.41 ± 1.4 (33) | 0.62 ± 1.3 (113) | .249b |
| Mouth breathing, n (%) | 30 (62%)c | 42 (75%) | 26 (58%) | 98 (66%)d | .165a |
| Cephalometric variables, mean ± SD (n) | |||||
| SNA | 80.2 ± 3.9 (58) | 81.3 ± 4.5 (54) | 79.7 ± 4.8 (45) | 80.4 ± 4.4 (157) | .180b |
| SNB | 76.2 ± 3.8 (58) | 76.9 ± 4.0 (54) | 77.7 ± 4.6 (45) | 76.9 ± 4.1 (157) | .176b |
| ANB | 3.9 ± 2.6 (58) | 3.5 ± 2.9 (54) | 2.7 ± 3.0 (45) | 3.4 ± 2.9 (157) | .124b |
| FMA | 26.2 ± 5.1 (48) | 28.9 ± 6.1 (54) | 28.1 ± 6.3 (45) | 27.1 ± 5.9 (147) | .291b |
| Facial profile, n (%) | |||||
| Straight | 8 (38%) | 33 (61%) | 30 (68%) | 71 (60%) | .220a |
| Convex | 7 (33%) | 10 (18%) | 8 (18%) | 25 (21%) | |
| Concave | 6 (29%) | 11 (21%) | 6 (14%) | 23 (19%) | |
| Vertical proportion, n (%) | |||||
| Brachyfacial | 5 (24%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (4%) | 8 (7%) | .01e |
| Mesofacial | 11 (52%) | 44 (75%) | 33 (81%) | 88 (74%) | |
| Dolichofacial | 5 (24%) | 8 (23%) | 10 (15%) | 23 (19%) |
aChi-square test. bAnalysis of variance (ANOVA). Bonferroni post-test showed P < .001 for diagnosed OSA group compared to both at high OSA risk and at low OSA risk groups; cANOVA. dn = 48. en = 149. fFisher’s exact test; α = 0.05 to all tests. BMI = body mass index, OSA = obstructive sleep apnea, SD = standard deviation.