Table 3.
Therapeutic effects of chemokine receptor inhibitors in clinical trials.
| Target | Inhibitor | Tumor type | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCR2 | PF-04136309 + nab-Paclitaxel + Gemcitabine | Untreated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Phase Ib/II Enhanced pulmonary toxicity No enhanced antitumor efficacy |
[209], NCT02732938 |
| CCR4 | FLX475 + Pembrolizumab | Breast cancer | Phase I/II | NCT03674567 |
| Mogamulizumab + Utomilumab | Advanced solid tumors | Phase Ib Safe and tolerable |
[210], NCT02444793 | |
| Mogamulizumab + Durvalumab or Tremelimumab | Advanced solid tumors | Phase I Depletion of Treg cells No enhanced antitumor efficacy |
[211], NCT02301130 | |
| Mogamulizumab + Nivolumab | Advanced or metastatic solid tumors | Phase I Acceptable safety profile Depletion of Treg cells Increases in CD8+ T cells;Potentially effective |
[212], NCT02476123 | |
| CXCR4 | AMD3100 | Microsatellite stable pancreatic or colorectal cancer | Phase I Immunosuppression |
[213], NCT02179970 |
| BL-8040 + Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy | Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Phase II Depletion of MDSCs and Treg cells Increases in effector CD8+ T cells Enhanced effect of chemotherapy |
[214], NCT02826486 | |
| Balixafortide + Eribulin | Metastatic breast cancer | Phase I Safe and tolerable |
[215], NCT01837095 | |
| LY2510924 + Durvalumab | Advanced refractory solid tumor | Phase Ia Safe and tolerable |
[216], NCT02737072 |
Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1); Mogamulizumab (anti-CCR4); Utomilumab (anti-4-1BB); Durvalumab (anti-PD-L1); Tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4); Nivolumab (anti-PD-1).