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. 2021 Dec 6;13(23):6137. doi: 10.3390/cancers13236137

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Unique and recently published pre-secretion loading methods. (A) Methods using tetraspanins. In the left pathway, L7Ae at the C-terminus of CD63 recognizes and binds to the C/D box of the mRNA, thereby loading the mRNA into the EV. In the right pathway, the target miRNA is overexpressed in the cell, and HuR fused with CD 9 binds to the miRNA. (B) Methods using other proteins. In the left pathway, the pre-miRNA loop is replaced with a TAR RNA loop and incorporated into the TAT-Lamp2A gene, loading the target miRNA into the EV. In the right pathway, VSV-G-GFP11, AGO2-GFP1-10, and the target miRNA are transfected into the parental cells. VSV-G-GFP11 binds to the lipid bilayer, and AGO2-GFP1-10 binds to VSV-G-GFP11. AGO2 introduces the overexpressed target miRNA into the EVs.