Table 1.
Family and child-level determinants included in this study.
| Variable Name | Source | Description of Variable | Categories |
|---|---|---|---|
| Family-Level Determinants | |||
| Deprivation status | Various BiB sources | The variable describes the SES of the family the child grows up in. The variable derives from different variables within the BiB dataset and has been produced using latent class analysis [23] | (1) least deprived and most educated; (2) employed and not materially deprived; (3) employed but no access to money; (4) receiving benefits but coping; (5) most deprived |
| Mother’s alcohol consumption | BiB1000 24 months | The variable describes if the mother consumed alcohol after giving birth at any point in time and does not consider frequency or quantity. | (1) yes; (2) no |
| Mother’s age at birth | BiB 1000 | The variable indicates the mother’s age at birth in months | (1) under 25; (2) between 25 and 29.9; (3) 30 and above |
| Child breastfeeding | BiB1000 6 months | The variable describes if the child was breastfed at any point after giving birth. It does not give information on the exclusivity or frequency of breastfeeding. | (1) yes; (2) no |
| Parental psychological wellbeing | BiB1000 18 months | The determinants assess somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression. This using the standardised GHQ-28 questionnaire [24]. | The higher the score, the more psychological distress |
| Caregiver’s feeding style | BiB1000 24 months | Identifies four parental feeding styles: authoritative (high responsiveness, high demandingness), authoritarian (low responsiveness, high demandingness); indulgent (high responsiveness, low demandingness) and uninvolved (low responsiveness, low demandingness). This was measured based on the questionnaire and cut of points by Hughes and colleagues [25]. | (1) authoritarian; (2) authoritative; (3) indulgent; (4) uninvolved |
| Child-Level Determinants | |||
| Ethnicity | Baseline and other BiB sources | This variable describes the ethnicity of the child | (1) White British; (2) Pakistani; (3) Other |
| Physical activity of the child | BiB1000 24 months | The variable describes how often the child has been taken somewhere to be physically active | (1) never; (2) once a month up to once a week; (3) twice a week up to 7 times a week |
| Sex | Various BiB sources | Sex of the child | (1) male; (2) female |
| Daily TV hours during weekday of the child | BiB1000 24 months | The variable indicates the hours of TV the child watches during a 24-hr weekday | (1) none; (2) up to 1 h; (3) 1–2 h; (4) 2–3 h; (5) more than 3 h |
| Frequency of drinking sugar-sweetened drinks child | BiB1000 36 months | The variable describes the frequency of drinking sugar- sweetened beverages over the period of 2–3 months | (1) very low consumption of sugary drinks; (2) medium to high consumption of sugary drinks |
| Emotional and behavioural wellbeing of the child | BiB1000 36 months | The score of the validated strength and difficulties questionnaire [26] indicates the results of a brief emotional and behavioural screening of the child. A higher score indicates lower levels of emotional and behavioural wellbeing | (1) close to average; (2) slightly raised; (3) high; (4) very high |
| Hours of sleep child/day | BiB1000 24 months | The score indicates the hours a child sleeps per 24 h | (1) less than 10 h per 24 h; (2) between 10–12 h per 24 h; (3) 12.5–14 h per 24 h; (4) more than 14 h per 24 h |
| Outcomes | |||
| Dental caries | GA dataset and oral health survey of 5-year-old children 2014–2015 | The categories indicate if a child has experienced dental caries or if the teeth are caries free | Count ranging from 0–21 teeth affected by dental caries |
| Weight status | Various BiB sources | The variable indicates the weight status in relation to height and age of children (WHO standards) | (1) severe thinness; (2) thinness; (3) normal weight; (4) overweight; (5) obese |