Table 1.
Changes in frequency of tobacco consumption during COVID-19 (N = 416).
| Characteristics | Overall (N = 416) | Tobacco User (n = 93) | Change in Tobacco Use (n = 93) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Change | Increased | |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p | ||
| Overall | 55(59.1) | 38(40.9) | ||||
| Age (year, %) | ||||||
| 60–69 | 308 (74.0) | 74 (79.6) | 42(56.8) | 32 (43.2) | 0.356 | |
| ≥70 | 108 (26.0) | 19 (20.4) | 13 (68.4) | 6 (31.6) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 251 (60.3) | 65 (69.9) | 41 (63.1) | 24 (36.9) | 0.239 | |
| Female | 165 (39.7) | 28 (30.1) | 14 (50.0) | 14 (50.0) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 389 (93.5) | 90 (96.8) | 53 (58.9) | 37 (41.1) | 0.787 | |
| Widowed | 27 (6.5) | 3 (3.2) | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | ||
| Family size | ||||||
| ≤4 | 167 (40.1) | 33 (35.5) | 21 (63.6) | 12 (36.4) | 0.513 | |
| >4 | 249 (59.9) | 60 (64.5) | 34 (56.7) | 26 (43.3) | ||
| Living arrangement | ||||||
| Living with family | 362 (87.0) | 88 (94.6) | 52 (59.1) | 36 (40.9) | 0.968 | |
| Living alone | 54 (13.0) | 5 (5.4) | 3 60.0) | 2 (40.0) | ||
| Walking distance to the nearest health centre | ||||||
| <30 min | 330 (79.3) | 75 (80.7) | 46 (61.3) | 29 (38.7) | 0.380 | |
| ≥30 min | 86 (20.7) | 18 (19.4) | 9 (50.0) | 9 (50.0) | ||
| Concerned about COVID-19 | ||||||
| Hardly | 256 (61.5) | 51 (54.8) | 24 (47.1) | 27 (52.9) | 0.009 | |
| Sometimes/often | 160 (38.5) | 42 (45.2) | 31 (73.8) | 11 (26.2) | ||
| Overwhelmed by COVID-19 | ||||||
| Hardly | 167 (49.1) | 55 (64.0) | 28 (50.9) | 27 (49.1) | 0.002 | |
| Sometimes/often | 173 (50.9) | 31 (36.1) | 26 (83.9) | 5 (16.1) | ||
| Frequency of communication during COVID-19 | ||||||
| Same as previous | 170 (40.9) | 62 (66.7) | 37 (59.7) | 25 (40.3) | 0.881 | |
| Less than previous | 246 (59.1) | 31 (33.3) | 18 (58.1) | 13 (41.9) | ||
| Difficulty in getting food during COVID-19 | ||||||
| No | 264 (67.7) | 67 (76.1) | 41 (61.2) | 26 (38.8) | 0.953 | |
| Yes | 126 (32.3) | 21 (23.9) | 13 (61.9) | 8 (38.1) | ||
| Difficulty in getting medicine during COVID-19 | ||||||
| No | 277 (69.8) | 73 (79.4) | 47 (64.4) | 26 (35.6) | 0.030 | |
| Yes | 120 (30.2) | 19 (20.7) | 7 (36.8) | 12 (63.2) | ||
| Difficulty receiving routine medical care during COVID-19 | ||||||
| No | 275 (70.0) | 74 (83.2) | 48 (64.9) | 26 (35.1) | 0.006 | |
| Yes | 118 (30.0) | 15 (16.9) | 4 (26.7) | 11 (73.3) | ||
| Perceived that older adults are at highest risk of COVID-19 | ||||||
| No | 151 (36.3) | 59 (63.4) | 35 (59.3) | 24 (40.7) | 0.962 | |
| Yes | 265 (63.7) | 34 (36.6) | 20 (58.8) | 14 (41.2) | ||
| Feeling of loneliness | ||||||
| Hardly | 332 (79.8) | 76 (81.7) | 50 (65.8) | 26 (34.2) | 0.006 | |
| Sometimes/often | 84 (20.2) | 17 (18.3) | 5 (29.4) | 12 (70.6) | ||
| Perceived that older adults required additional care during COVID-19 | ||||||
| No | 314 (75.5) | 82 (88.2) | 53 (64.6) | 29 (35.4) | 0.003 | |
| Yes | 102 (24.5) | 11 (11.8) | 2 (18.2) | 9 (81.8) | ||
| Pre-existing non-communicable chronic conditions | ||||||
| No | 295 (70.9) | 65 (69.9) | 40 (61.5) | 25 (38.5) | 0.473 | |
| Yes | 121 (29.1) | 28 (30.1) | 15 (53.6) | 13 (46.4) | ||