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. 2021 Nov 25;18(23):12393. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312393

Table 2.

Anthropometric measurements and bioimpedance.

Variables Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Session 4 p * p **
Weight (kg) 67.3 ± 12.6 67.2 ± 14.1 66.1 ± 14.0 68.3 ± 13.5 0.894 <0.001
BMI (kg/m2) 26.8 ± 6.4 26.3 ± 5.8 25.8 ± 5.6 26.4 ± 5.5 0.865 <0.001
Normoweight 24 (50.0) 29 (46.8) 29 (46.8) 14 (46.7)
Overweight 9 (18.8) 18 (29.0) 21 (33.9) 9 (30.0)
Obesity 15 (31.2) 15 (24.2) 12 (19.3) 7 (23.3)
Waist CF (cm) 90.1 ± 11.9 90.1 ± 12.4 89.4 ± 12.4 90.3 ± 12.7 0.987 0.106
Hip CF (cm) 100.0 ± 12.5 99.0 ± 12.7 98.1 ± 12.7 100.0 ± 13.1 0.850 0.008
W/Hp 0.9 ± 0.0 0.9 ± 0.0 0.9 ± 0.0 0.9 ± 0.0 0.361 0.633
W/Ht 0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 ± 0.1 0.967 0.104
% Fat mass 32.6 ± 9.0 32.1 ± 9.4 31.4 ± 9.5 33.2 ± 9.4 0.822 <0.001
Fat mass (kg) 23.0 ± 9.8 22.8 ± 10.7 22.0 ± 10.5 23.7 ± 10.3 0.886 <0.001
Lean mass (kg) 44.4 ± 3.9 44.7 ± 4.1 44.3 ± 4.05 44.6 ± 4.0 0.989 0.259
Muscle mass (kg) 42.1 ± 3.6 42.2 ± 3.9 42.0 ± 3.8 42.3 ± 3.8 0.991 0.286
Total water (kg) 31.3 ± 3.1 31.3 ± 3.4 31.1 ± 3.3 31.4 ± 3.3 0.980 0.182
% Water 47.4 ± 5.8 47.7 ± 6.0 47.6 ± 6.2 47.0 ± 6.0 0.960 0.897
Visceral fat 5.1 ± 4.0 5.0 ± 4.0 4.8 ± 3.8 5.1 ± 3.7 0.985 0.002
Bone mass (kg) 2.3 ± 0.2 2.3 ± 0.2 2.2 ± 0.2 2.3 ± 0.2 0.967 0.088

Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). BMI: Body mass index; CF: Circumference; W/Hp: Waist/Hip ratio; W/Ht: Waist/Height ratio. Session 1: one month before Ramadan; Session 2: one week before Ramadan; Session 3: last week of Ramadan; Session 4: three months after Ramadan. * p-value. Session 1 vs. Session 4. ** p-value. Session 2 vs. Session 3.