Table 2.
Variables | Session 1 | Session 2 | Session 3 | Session 4 | p * | p ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 67.3 ± 12.6 | 67.2 ± 14.1 | 66.1 ± 14.0 | 68.3 ± 13.5 | 0.894 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 ± 6.4 | 26.3 ± 5.8 | 25.8 ± 5.6 | 26.4 ± 5.5 | 0.865 | <0.001 |
Normoweight | 24 (50.0) | 29 (46.8) | 29 (46.8) | 14 (46.7) | ||
Overweight | 9 (18.8) | 18 (29.0) | 21 (33.9) | 9 (30.0) | ||
Obesity | 15 (31.2) | 15 (24.2) | 12 (19.3) | 7 (23.3) | ||
Waist CF (cm) | 90.1 ± 11.9 | 90.1 ± 12.4 | 89.4 ± 12.4 | 90.3 ± 12.7 | 0.987 | 0.106 |
Hip CF (cm) | 100.0 ± 12.5 | 99.0 ± 12.7 | 98.1 ± 12.7 | 100.0 ± 13.1 | 0.850 | 0.008 |
W/Hp | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.361 | 0.633 |
W/Ht | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.967 | 0.104 |
% Fat mass | 32.6 ± 9.0 | 32.1 ± 9.4 | 31.4 ± 9.5 | 33.2 ± 9.4 | 0.822 | <0.001 |
Fat mass (kg) | 23.0 ± 9.8 | 22.8 ± 10.7 | 22.0 ± 10.5 | 23.7 ± 10.3 | 0.886 | <0.001 |
Lean mass (kg) | 44.4 ± 3.9 | 44.7 ± 4.1 | 44.3 ± 4.05 | 44.6 ± 4.0 | 0.989 | 0.259 |
Muscle mass (kg) | 42.1 ± 3.6 | 42.2 ± 3.9 | 42.0 ± 3.8 | 42.3 ± 3.8 | 0.991 | 0.286 |
Total water (kg) | 31.3 ± 3.1 | 31.3 ± 3.4 | 31.1 ± 3.3 | 31.4 ± 3.3 | 0.980 | 0.182 |
% Water | 47.4 ± 5.8 | 47.7 ± 6.0 | 47.6 ± 6.2 | 47.0 ± 6.0 | 0.960 | 0.897 |
Visceral fat | 5.1 ± 4.0 | 5.0 ± 4.0 | 4.8 ± 3.8 | 5.1 ± 3.7 | 0.985 | 0.002 |
Bone mass (kg) | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 0.967 | 0.088 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). BMI: Body mass index; CF: Circumference; W/Hp: Waist/Hip ratio; W/Ht: Waist/Height ratio. Session 1: one month before Ramadan; Session 2: one week before Ramadan; Session 3: last week of Ramadan; Session 4: three months after Ramadan. * p-value. Session 1 vs. Session 4. ** p-value. Session 2 vs. Session 3.