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. 2021 Nov 26;13(23):5947. doi: 10.3390/cancers13235947

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Interaction of CD26 with caveolin-1. Caveolin-1 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC) binds to CD26 on the T-cell surface. This interaction induces an increase of the expression of the costimulatory ligand CD86 on APC thus enhancing T-cell co-stimulation by binding to CD28. In addition, caveolin-1-mediated CD26 ligation results in the recruitment of a complex composed of CD26, CARMA1, Bcl10, and MALT1 to lipid rafts and subsequent NF-κB activation in a TCR/CD3-dependent manner. CD26-mediated co-stimulation enhances the T-cell proliferation and effector function with respect to cytotoxic properties and cytokine release.