Table 1.

Relationship between presence of GI symptoms and development of post‐COVID‐19 GI consequences (CBD, dyspeptic symptoms, IBS, UD and their overlap)

Parameters	GI symptoms with or without anorexia (n = 88)	Anorexia alone † (n = 48)	GI symptoms absent (n = 144)	P values
Presence of CBD, dyspeptic symptoms, and their overlap at 1 month
QCBD only	8 (9.1%)	6 (12.5%)	2 (1.4%)
Dyspeptic symptoms only	10 (11.4%)	4 (8.3%)	2 (1.4%)	<0.001
Overlap	9 (10.2%)	1 (2.1%)	1(0.7%)
None	61 (69.3%)	37 (77.1%)	139 (96.5%)
Presence of CBD, dyspeptic symptoms, and their overlap at 3 months
CBD only	14 (15.9%)	8 (16.6%)	2 (1.4%)
Dyspeptic symptoms only	2 (2.3%)	1 (2.1%)	3 (2.1%)	<0.001
Overlap	7 (8%)	1 (2.1%)	1 (0.7%)
None	65 (73.9%)	38 (79.2%)	138 (95.8%)
Presence of IBS, UD, and their overlap at 6 months
IBS	6 (6.8%)	7 (14.6%)	2 (1.4%)
UD	2 (2.3%)	2 (4.2%)	2 (1.4%)	0.0002
IBS‐UD overlap	5 (5.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
None	75 (85.2%)	39 (81.2%)	140 (97.2%)

COVID‐19, coronavirus disease‐19; CBD, chronic bowel dysfunction; FGID, functional gastrointestinal disorders; GI, gastrointestinal; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; UD, uninvestigated dyspepsia.

^† Because anorexia is a non‐specific symptoms for viral illness, patients with anorexia alone were grouped separately.