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Schematic illustration of the generation and removal of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) marks. Cytosines in the CpG context can be methylated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). 5mC can be converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) dioxygenases, and then can be removed by the multistep action of TET enzymes and base excision repair (BER).
