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. 2021 Nov 27;22(23):12837. doi: 10.3390/ijms222312837

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The effect of Mφs on the modulation of fibroblast functions in the presence of cPE. (A) Illustration of a synovial joint. Wear debris released after joint arthroplasty activates Mφs and fibroblasts in the synovial membrane. (B) Comparison of levels of fibroblast marker genes in the MSC-Fs and M0 Mφ co-culture system, (C) MSC-Fs and M1 Mφ co-culture system, and (D) MSC-Fs and M2 Mφ co-culture system, with and without the presence of cPE (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01) (values are ±SEM). (E) Herovici staining to visualize collagen and α-SMA immunofluorescence staining (scale bar, 100 μm).