| TSOD | Tsumura Suzuki Obese Diabetes |
| MS | metabolic syndrome |
| NAFLD | non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| MAFLD | metabolic associated fatty liver disease |
| NASH | non-alcoholic steatohepatitis |
| FOS | fructooligosaccharide |
| GOS | galactooligosaccharide |
| LS | lactosucrose |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HE | hematoxylin and eosin |
| SCFAs | short chain fatty acids |