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. 2021 Nov 23;22(23):12661. doi: 10.3390/ijms222312661

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Feedback mechanism of axis of gut-brain. Metabolites secreted by microbiotas are absorbed in gut epithelia, through which they can reach the brain through bloodstream by crossing BBB. They activate the brain to secret hormones and neurotransmitters, which can regulate gut microbes and intestinal activities.