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. 2021 Nov 24;22(23):12695. doi: 10.3390/ijms222312695

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7)-derived gene expression regulation of primary adult cardiomyocytes (PCMs) and HL-1 cardiomyocytes. (A) RNA-Seq results of PCMs stimulated with 470 μM C16:1n7 or 10% FFA-free BSA control for 3 h. Heatmap of 50 significantly up- and downregulated genes; mean base expression, 50; fold change filter, 1.5×; FDR-adjusted p-value of 0.1; >100 base expressions per sample; n = 3. (B) Cumulative results of all C16:1n7-regulated genes, detected using RNA-Seq analysis; mean base expression, 50; fold change filter, 1.5×; FDR-adjusted p-value of 0.1; n = 3. (C, D) Confirmatory experiments performed on PCMs treated with C16:1n7 470 μM C16:1n7 or 10% FFA-free BSA control for 3 h in experiments perform parallel to RNA-Seq analysis. Relative expressions of Angptl4 and Pdk4 are shown, as indicated. (E–G) Confirmatory experiments performed on HL-1 cardiomyocytes treated with C16:1n7 470 μM C16:1n7 or 10% FFA-free BSA control for 3 h. Relative expressions of Angptl4, Pdk4 and Hilpda are shown, as indicated. Angptl4: Angiopoietin-like factor 4; Pdk4: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4, Hilpda: Hypoxia Inducible Lipid Droplet Associated. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n = 3, n = 3; *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 as analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test.