Scheme of the cellular and signaling crosstalk related to age- and senescence-related changes in SASP promotion in the skin. AP-1, activator protein-1; CXCR2 and 3, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 and 3; CCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2; C/EBPb, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; DDR, DNA damage response; ECM, extracellular matrix; GATA4, transcription factors GATA binding protein 4; GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor; H3, histone 3; H4-Ac, acetylated histone 4; HDAC2 and 7, histone deacetylase 2 and 7; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; IL-6 and -8, interleukin 6 and 8; IP-10, interferon-gamma-induced protein 10; ZFP36L1, ZFP36 ring finger protein like 1; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; mtROS, mitochondrial ROS; ROCK, Rho-associated protein kinase; IGFBP7, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 PGE2, prostaglandin E; PMs, particular matters; SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SirT1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog; SIPS, stress-induced premature senescence; TNF-α, tumor-necrosis factor alpha; TRM, tissue-resident memory T cells.