Figure 2.

Integrin mediated TGFβ activation. TGFβ is stored in the extracellular milieu anchoring to LTBP that is fixed to matrix proteins, as a pro-protein, also termed as LAP. The pro-TGFβ protein forms homodimer holding TGFβ by the pro-domains. There is an RGD sequence in the pro-domain. To release TGFβ, RGD-recognizing integrins binds to the RGD sequences and pro-domains are removed from the matured TGFβ by cellular tensile force initiated by contraction of the cell expressing the integrins.