| CGGA | Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas |
| GBM | Glioblastoma multiforme |
| GRPEL2 | GrpE protein homolog-2 |
| IHC | Immunohistochemistry |
| NEF | Nucleotide exchange factor |
| PAM | Pre-sequence-Associated Motor |
| ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| TCGA | The Cancer Gene Atlas |
| WHO | World Health Organization |