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. 2021 Nov 26;10(23):5556. doi: 10.3390/jcm10235556
Reference number Country of study Authors 1. Was the resarch question clearly stated? 2. Was the study population clearly specified and defined? 3. Was the participation of eligible persons at least 50%? 4. Were inclusion and exclusion criteria for being in the study prespecified and applied uniformly to all participants? 5. Was a sample size justification, power description, or variance and effect estimates provided? 6. For the analyses in this paper, were the exposure(s) of interest measured prior to the outcome(s) being measured? 7. Was the timeframe sufficient so that one could reasonably expect to see an association between exposure and outcome if it existed? 8. For exposures that can vary in amount or level, did the study examine different levels of the exposure as related to the outcome (e.g., categories of exposure, or exposure measured as continuous variable)? 9. Were the exposure measures (independent variables) clearly defined, valid, reliable, and implemented consistently across all study participants? 10. Was the exposure(s) assessed more than once over time? 11. Were the outcome measures (dependent variables) clearly defined, valid, reliable, and implemented consistently across all study participants? 12. Were the outcome assessors blinded to the exposure status of participants? 13. Was loss to follow-up after baseline 20% or less? 14. Were key potential confounding variables measured and adjusted statistically for their impact on the relationship between exposure(s) and outcome(s)? Quality Rating (Good, Fair or Poor)
[5] USA Redfield, R.R., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes Yes Good
[9] Iran Naderi, G., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not applicable Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[11] USA Jacobs, S.C., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not applicable Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes Yes Good
[12] Egypt Wafa, E.W., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not applicable Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[13] Mexico Villeda-Sandoval, C.I., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not applicable Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[14] China Lin, J., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not applicable Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[15] China Xu, J., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not applicable Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[16] China Xie, L., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not applicable Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[17] Japan Yanishi, M., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not applicable Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[18] South Korea Oh, C.-K., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Not applicable Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[19] USA Pfaff, W.W., et al. No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[20] USA Garvin, P.J., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[21] USA Modlin, C.S., et al. YEs Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes Yes Good
[22] UK Williams, A., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes Yes Good
[23] USA Isaacs, R.B., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes yes Good
[24] USA Ilyas, M., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[26] USA Koyama, H. et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes Yes Good
[27] USA Smith, S.R. et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes Yes Good
[28] USA Howard, R.J., et al. YEs Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Not stated No Fair
[29] USA Marks, W.H., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[30] USA Mehta, R., et al. Yes Yes YEs Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes No Fair
[31] Turkey Erturk, T. et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Not stated No Fair
[32] China Wang, K. et al. No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes
[33] USA Kwan, J.M., et al. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not applicable Yes No Yes Yes Good