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. 2021 Dec;7(2):98–102. doi: 10.4244/AIJ-D-21-00020

Table 1. Overall numbers and numbers dependent on permanent pacemaker at one-year stratified by demographic, structural and electrophysiological parameters.

Characteristic Overall sample PPM dependent at 1 year Not PPM dependent at 1 year Odds ratio (95% CI) p-value
Demographic
Age <80 14 10 4 <p>OR=0.400 (0.091-1.762)</p> <p>p=0.226</p>
>80 18 9 9
Gender M 25 17 8 <p>OR=5.313 (0.842-33.539)</p> <p>p=0.076</p>
F 7 2 5
Ethnicity European 30 19 11 <p>OR=8.478 (0.373-192.510)</p> <p>p=0.180</p>
Maori 1 0 1
Other 1 0 1
Structural parameters
LVEF ≤50% 10 6 4 <p>OR=1.039 (0.226-4.769)</p> <p>p=0.961</p>
>50% 22 13 9
LVOT ≤2.1 cm 10 6 4 <p>OR=1.039 (0.226-4.769)</p> <p>p=0.961</p>
>2.1 cm 22 13 9
Valve type CoreValve/Evolut R 22 13 9 <p>OR=0.963 (0.210-4.421)</p> <p>p=0.961</p>
Other 10 6 4
Valve size ≤26 mm 10 4 6 <p>OR=3.214 (0.682-15.159)</p> <p>p=0.140</p>
>26 mm 22 15 7
Recaptures Any 10 7 3 <p>OR=1.944 (0.396-9.552)</p> <p>p=0.413</p>
None 22 12 10
Valve depth (septal) ≥6.0 mm 19 13 6 <p>OR=2.528 (0.588-10.859)</p> <p>p=0.212</p>
<6.0 mm 13 6 7
Valve depth mean ([Septal + non-septal]/2) ≥6.0 mm 22 16 6 <p>OR=6.222 (1.200-32.273)</p> <p>p=0.030</p>
<6.0 mm 10 3 7
Electrophysiological parameters
Intraoperative PPM Dependence Yes 15 12 3 <p>OR=5.714 (1.163-28.070)</p> <p>p=0.032</p>
No 17 7 10
Arrhythmia Indicating PPM Third-degree heart block 21 16 5 <p>OR=8.533 (1.616-45.063)</p> <p>p=0.012</p>
Other (Mobitz II/pauses) 11 3 8
Baseline LAFB Yes 13 10 3 <p>OR=3.704 (0.768-17.864)</p> <p>p=0.103</p>
No 19 9 10
Baseline 1st degree AV block Yes 12 7 5 <p>OR=0.933 (0.218-4.000)</p> <p>p=0.926</p>
No 20 12 8
Baseline RBBB Yes 10 8 2 <p>OR=4.000 (0.688-23.262)</p> <p>p=0.123</p>
No 22 11 11
Rate limiting/anti-arrhythmic drugs Yes 13 9 4 <p>OR=2.025 (0.460-8.919)</p> <p>p=0.351</p>
No 19 10 6
Device type Single chamber 9 6 3 <p>OR=1.539 (0.307-7.717)</p> <p>p=0.601</p>
Dual chamber 23 13 10
Pacing threshold (V-lead) >0.7 7 3 4 <p>OR=0.419 (0.077-2.321)</p> <p>p=0.321</p>
≤0.7 25 16 9
Site of RV lead Septum/RVOT 27 18 9 <p>OR=8.000 (0.776-82.460)</p> <p>p=0.081</p>
Apex 5 1 4
1st Degree AV Block: 1st degree atrioventricular block; LAFB: left anterior fascicular block; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract; PPM: permanent pacemaker; RBBB: right bundle branch block; RV: right ventricle; RVOT: right ventricular outflow tract