Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection who either developed or not symptoms/signs suggestive of Long COVID.
| Characteristics | Long COVID | No Long COVID | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 21) | (n = 32) | ||
| Female gender, n (%) | 14 (67) | 12 (38) | 0.038 |
| Age (y), median (range) | 43 (21–68) | 43 (21–74) | 0.432 |
| IBD diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| CD | 13 (62) | 18 (56) | 0.683 |
| UC | 8 (38) | 14 (44) | 0.578 |
| IBD duration, years, median [range] | 13 (3–24) | 12.5 (3–37) | 0.986 |
| IBD therapy, n (%) | |||
| Mesalamine | 11 (52) | 21 (66) | 0.682 |
| Biologic therapy | 6 (29) | 6 (19) | 0.349 |
| Antibiotic therapy | 2 (10) | 1 (3) | - |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 1 (5) | 1 (3) | - |
| Steroid therapy | 1 (5) | 2 (6) | - |
| Experimental therapy | 0 | 1 (3) | - |
| None | 0 | 2 (6) | - |
| Duration COVID-19 infection, days, median [range] | 15 (7–29) | 15 (3–58) | 0.154 |
| Hospitalization for COVID-19, n (%) | 2 (9) | 2 (6) | - |
| COVID-19 symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Fever | 16 (76) | 19 (59) | 0.206 |
| Asthenia | 6 (29) | 3 (9) | 0.069 |
| Neurologic symptoms (headache, anosmia, ageusia) | 14 (67) | 15 (47) | 0.183 |
| Respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnoea, sore throat) | 8 (38) | 18 (56) | 0.13 |
| Digestive symptoms (diarrhea) | 3 (14) | 2 (6) | 0.745 |
| Musculoskeletal symptoms (myalgia) | 5 (24) | 11 (34) | 0.938 |
| Asymptomatic | 0 | 4 (13) | 0.092 |
| Dermatological symptoms (rash) | 1 (5) | 0 | - |
| Death for COVID-19, n (%) | 0 | 0 | - |
| Vaccine, n (%) | 16 (76) | 28 (88) | 0.283 |
| Type of vaccine, n (%) | |||
| Pfizer | 14/16 (88) | 25/28 (89) | 0.858 |
| Moderna | 2/16 (12) | 2/28 (7) | 0.552 |
| AstraZeneca | 0/16 | 1/28 (4) | 0.444 |
| IBD relapse post-COVID-19, n (%) | 8 (38) | 8 (25) | 0.31 |
CD = Crohn’s disease, UC = ulcerative colitis.