Table 3.
Summary of the association of psychosocial factors with each measure of HRQoL: poor overall general health, no. of days with poor physical health, and no. of days with poor mental health among those with diabetes
| Poor overall general healtha | No. of days with poor physical healthb | No. of days with poor mental healthc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adj. OR | 95% CI | Adj. OR | 95% CI | Adj. OR | 95% CI | |
| Functional social support | ||||||
| Mean | 0.87 | (0.62–1.20) | 0.89 | (0.62–1.28) | 0.95 | (0.62–1.46) |
| Coping | ||||||
| Mean | 1.05 | (0.68–1.60) | 0.84 | (0.53–1.35) | 0.57 | (0.30–1.08) |
| Avoidance coping | ||||||
| Mean | 0.99 | (0.73–1.34) | 1.05 | (0.74–1.49) | 1.01 | (0.64–1.60) |
| Resilience | ||||||
| Mean | 0.82 | (0.63–1.08) | 0.7 | (0.52–0.93) | 0.6 | (0.41–0.87) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | ||||||
| 0–2 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 3 or more | 1.3 | (0.85–1.97) | 2.01 | (1.30–3.12) | 3.7 | (2.21–6.19) |
| Emotional support needed | ||||||
| Always/usually | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Sometimes | 1.26 | (0.77–2.06) | 0.94 | (0.55–1.63) | 1.73 | (0.88–3.40) |
| Rarely/never | 1.51 | (0.81–2.82) | 0.55 | (0.29–1.04) | 1.31 | (0.63–2.70) |
| Life satisfaction | ||||||
| Very satisfied | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Satisfied | 1.51 | (1.07–2.13) | 1.07 | (0.71–1.63) | 1.9 | (1.04–3.50) |
| Dissatisfied/very dissatisfied | 6.7 | (2.83–15.88) | 3.28 | (1.55–6.95) | 8.4 | (3.39–20.77) |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–44 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 45–54 | 1.49 | (0.88–2.53) | 1.51 | (0.82–2.76) | 0.96 | (0.48–1.95) |
| 55–64 | 2.27 | (1.38–3.74) | 1.71 | (0.96–3.03) | 0.58 | (0.29–1.19) |
| 65+ | 1.43 | (0.86–2.38) | 1.01 | (0.55–1.86) | 0.39 | (0.18–0.82) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Male | 0.84 | (0.61–1.16) | 0.98 | (0.68–1.40) | 0.68 | (0.42–1.10) |
| Education | ||||||
| High school or less | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Some college or more | 0.5 | (0.36–0.69) | 0.85 | (0.59–1.22) | 0.6 | (0.35–1.04) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married, member of unmarried couple | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Divorced, widowed, separated | 0.86 | (0.60–1.22) | 0.9 | (0.61–1.33) | 1.1 | (0.66–1.83) |
| Never married | 1 | (0.56–1.82) | 0.52 | (0.24–1.09) | 0.81 | (0.32–2.06) |
| Body mass index | 1.03 | (1.00–1.05) | 1.04 | (1.01–1.06) | 1.03 | (1.00–1.06) |
Adjusted for household income
a
Self-rate: 0 = “excellent/very good/good”; 1 = “fair/poor”
b
Poor physical health: 0 = ““0–14 days”; 1 = “15 or more days”
c
Poor mental health: 0 = “0–14 days”; 1 = “15 or more days”