Table 2.

Serum biochemical parameters and some other characteristics of urine samples of a patient with PD and healthy controls.

Parameter	PD Patients (n = 27) Mean ± SD	Healthy Controls (n = 44) Mean ± SD
Blood
White blood cells [Thous/uL]	7.1 ± 1.9	7.9 ± 1.1
Red blood cells [Million/uL]	4.8 ± 0.3	5.2 ± 0.7
Hemoglobin [g/dL]	14.8 ± 1.2	12.9 ± 0.3
Hematocrit [%]	43.7 ± 3.2	38.7 ± 2.0
Platelet count [Thous/uL]	247.8 ± 77.8	302.6 ± 21.4
Glucose [mmol/L]	6.2 ± 1.2	5.2 ± 0.2
Blood urea nitrogen [mmol/L]	6.5 ± 2.0	7.2 ± 0.3
Creatinine [µmol/L]	74.8 ± 13.9	73.3 ± 7.2
Sodium [mEq/L]	142.4 ± 1.9	139 ± 0.6
Potassium [mEq/L]	4.3 ± 0.3	4.1 ± 0.3
Chloride [mEq/L]	102.9 ± 2.0	100.7 ± 1.1
Total bilirubin [µmol/L]	12.3 ± 8.5	9.3 ± 1.2
T-cholesterol [mmol/L]	4.8 ± 1.0	3.9 ± 0.3
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol [mmol/L]	1.3 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.2
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [mmol/L]	2.9 ± 0.9	1.8 ± 0.08
Triglyceride [mmol/L]	1.2 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.1
C-reactive protein [mg/L]	2.2 ± 1.6	1.0 ± 0.2
Thyroid-stimulating hormone [µIU/mL]	1.6 ± 1.3	0.4 ± 0.1
Alanine transaminase [U/L]	14.9 ± 4.5	20 ± 4.1
Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase [IU/L]	25.9 ± 12.8	23.3 ± 6.2
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate	14.1 ± 1.4	7.0 ± 0.8
Urine
Urine color	yellow/dark amber (24/3)	yellow
Clarity	clear/cloudy (22/5)	clear
Acidity	normal/acidic(17/10)	normal
Specific gravity	1.020 ± 0.02	1.020 ± 0.02
Glucose	negative	negative
Ketones	negative	negative
Nitrates	negative	negative
Bilirubin	negative	negative
Urobilirubin	negative	negative
Blood	≤3 red blood cells	≤3 red blood cells
Red blood cells	≤2 RBCs/hpf	≤2 RBCs/hpf
White blood cells	≤2–5 WBCs/hpf	≤2–5 WBCs/hpf
Protein	≤150 mg/dL	≤150 mg/dL
Squamous epithelial cells	negative	negative
Casts	negative	negative
Crystals	negative	negative
Bacteria	none/present (22/5)	none
Yeast	none	none