Table 4.
Methods | Sample Preparation | No. of Sample Preparation Steps | Calibration Range (ng/mL) | LLOQ (ng/mL) | Recovery (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aerts et al. (2008) [14] | LLE + derivatization | 11 | 0–800 | 8 | >90% |
Gold et al. (2013) [27] | LLE | 11 | 2–160 | 0.04 (LOD) | >98% |
Nowak et al. (2018) [18] | LLE | 11 | 0–120 | 0.3 | - |
Beasley et al. (2020) [28] | LLE | 8 | 0.4–160 | 0.4 | 87% |
Boutin et al. (2012) [29] | SPE | 9 | 0.8–320 | 2 | 64% |
Sueoka et al. (2015) [30] | SPE | 11 | 0–200 | 0.025 | 50% |
Sakuraba et al. (2018) [24] | SPE | 11 | 0.6–200 | - | - |
Kruger et al. (2012) [30] | PPT | 5 | 0–400 | 2.3 | 100% |
Yoon (2015) [32] | PPT | 3 | 2–200 | 2 | 98% |
Polo et al. (2017) [34] | PPT/CHCl3 | 4 | 0–800 | 0.05 | - |
Talbot et al. (2017) [33] | PPT/CHCl3 | 5 | 3–1600 | 4 (LOD) | - |
Perrone et al. (2021) | Assisted-PPT | 2 | 0.25–100 | 0.25 | 95% |
LLOQ: lower limit of quantification; LLE: liquid–liquid extraction; SPE: solid phase extraction; PPT: protein precipitation; CHCl3: chloroform.