FO reduced intramuscular inflammation in a muscle atrophy-induced mouse model; ((a) first line and (b)) The number of NF-κB translocated into the nucleus was increased Dexa/Saline but decreased by GABA, lactate, GABA+lactate, and FO treatment; ((a), first and second line, (c,d)) The intensity of IL-6 and TNF-α were increased Dexa/Saline but decreased by GABA, lactate, GABA+lactate, and FO treatment. Scale bar = 100 μm. Different letters a–f indicate significant differences among groups as determined by multiple comparisons (Mann-Whitney U test); p < 0.05., 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB); fermented oyster extracts (FO); γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA); gastrocnemius (gastroc.); interleukin-6 (IL-6); nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB); tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).