Table 4.
Plant crude extracts with anti-aging and lifespan-extending properties as demonstrated in the C. elegans model.
| Plant Source # | Mean Lifespan Extension * | Ethnobotanical Use | Implicated Genes * | Pathway * | Anti-Aging Effect * | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endopleura uchi (Uxi) | 33% at 300 µg/mL | Medicinal | daf-16, hsp-16.2 and sod-3 | IIS | Antioxidant, Stress resistance, Anti-Huntington’s disease |
[135] |
| Calycophyllum spruceanum (capirona) | 16% at 300 µg/mL | Medicinal | daf-16 | IIS | Antioxidant, Stress resistance, Healthspan extension |
[136] |
| Caesalpinia mimosoides (Pansi) | 4% at 50 µg/mL | Food vegetable | daf-16, sod-3, gst-4 | IIS | Antioxidant, Stress resistance |
[137] |
| Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Significant increase at 500 µg/mL | Food, Medicinal |
daf-16, hsp-16.2 and sod-3 | IIS | Antioxidant, Stress resistance, Healthspan extension |
[138] |
| Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) | 20% by 50 μg/mL | Medicinal, Functional food |
daf-16, skn-1, sod-3, gst-4 | IIS | Antioxidant, Stress Resistance, Healthspan extension |
[139] |
| Glochidion zeylanicum (Umbrella Cheese) | 10% at 100 µg/mL | Medicinal, Food |
daf-16, skn-1, sod-3, gst-4 | IIS | Antioxidant, Stress Resistance, Healthspan extension |
[140] |
| Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) | 24% at 1 mg/mL | Medicinal, Beverage, Food supplement |
daf-16, skn-1 | IIS | Antioxidant, Stress Resistance, Anti-Neurodegenerative |
[141] |
| Polyherbal extract of Berberis aristata (Indian barberry); Emblica officinalis (Indian gooseberry or amla); Cyperus rotundus (Purple Nutsedge); Terminalia chebula (gall nut); Cedrus deodara(Himalayan cedar); Terminalia bellirica (beleric myrobalan) | 16% at 0.01 µg/mL | Medicinal | daf-16, daf-2, skn-1, sod-3 and gst-4 | IIS | Antioxidant, Stress Resistance, Anti-Neurodegenerative |
[142] |
|
Betula utilis (Himalayan Silver Birch) |
35.99 % at 50 μg/mL |
Medicinal | daf-16, hsf-1, skn-1, sod-3 and gst-4. | IIS | Antioxidant, Healthspan extension |
[143] |
| Citrus sinensis (Orange extracts) | 10.5%, 18.0%, and 26.2% at 100, 200, and 400 mg/mL, respectively | Functional food | daf-16, sod-3, gst-4, sek-1, and skn-1 | IIS | Antioxidant, Healthspan extension |
[35] |
|
Cuscuta chinensis (Chinese Dodder) |
24% at 30 µg/mL | Medicinal | hsp-16.1 and hsp-12.6 | IIS | Stress Resistance, Healthspan extension |
[144] |
|
Eucommia ulmoides (Hardy Rubber Tree) |
9% at 30 µg/mL | - | - | Stress resistance | [144] |
* Mean lifespan and implicated genes, pathways, and anti-aging effects in the table are the specific outcomes from the references indexed directly against the compound at the right-end column. A dash (-) sign in the column for implicated genes and pathways represents where authors did not proceed to investigate the molecular mechanism beyond the effect observed. Where different mean lifespans are not from the same study, we have referenced the appropriate literature for such. Original units of concentration used by the investigators are reported here. Additionally, where other health benefits besides the ant-aging effect have been noted for the compound in the primary research referenced, we grouped them under the heading “Others” in the column for “Anti-aging-effect”. # Plant sources of the compound in the study indexed to the reference directly at the right-end column are listed. Other sources that have been mentioned by the primary study and previous studies have also been listed along. Scientific names and common names (in parenthesis) of the plant sources are provided.