Table 1.

Physical and mechanical properties of epoxy resin, E-glass fiber, carbon fiber, Al₂O₃, and GNPs.

Properties	Epoxy	E-Glass Fiber	Carbon Fiber	Al2O3	GNPs
Density (gram/cm3)	1.16	2.56	1.6	3.78	2.267
Tensile strength (MPa)	30	1400	2400	665	167
Tensile modulus (GPa)	4.1	72.3	228	210	2.4 × 103
Poisson’s ratio	0.35	0.22	0.30	0.24	0.012