Table 5.
Chemical constituents obtained from the circadian study of P. circinnata Link var. circinnata (fresh (F), oven dried (D), lyophilized (L), evening period (EP), afternoon period (AP), rainy season (rs), and dry season (ds)). The concentration values of the compounds are (%).
| Constituents | RIL | RIC | FEP-rs | FAP-rs | D-EP-rs | D-AP-rs | L-EP-rs | L-AP-rs | FEP-ds | FAP-ds | D-EP-ds | D-AP-ds | L-EP-ds | L-AP-ds |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-pinene | 932 | 932 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.7 |
| β-pinene | 974 | 978 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 3 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 3.7 |
| myrcene | 988 | 987 | 16.4 | 13.8 | 13.9 | 11.4 | 6.7 | 9.4 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 10.9 | 9.8 | 9 | 11.3 |
| ρ-mentha-1 (7),8-diene | 1003 | 1006 | 1.1 | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.61 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.2 |
| β-phellandrene | 1025 | 1029 | 28.1 | 24.6 | 23.3 | 23.8 | 15.6 | 18.3 | 8 | 15.6 | 20.6 | 18 | 12.6 | 24 |
| terpinolene | 1086 | 1083 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.7 |
| n-decanal | 1201 | 1205 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | |
| α-copaene | 1374 | 1373 | 2 | 2 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 2 | 1.2 |
| β-elemene | 1389 | 1387 | 2.7 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 6 | 7.1 | 8.3 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 5 | 6.3 | 3.2 | |
| methyl eugenol | 1403 | 1399 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | |||||||
| dodecanal | 1408 | 1409 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| β-caryophyllene | 1417 | 1415 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 1 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.8 |
| β-ylangene | 1419 | 1419 | 2.6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.3 | 1.8 | ||||||
| β-copaene | 1430 | 1426 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.2 |
| α-neo-clovene | 1452 | 1447 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.9 | 1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1 |
| alloaromadendrene | 1458 | 1456 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1 |
| γ-muurolene | 1478 | 1474 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
| germacrene D | 1484 | 1481 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 6.6 | 7.3 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 8 | 6.8 | 7 | 7.9 | 5.9 |
| (E)-muurola-4 (14),5-diene | 1493 | 1489 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| epi-Cubebol | 1493 | 1494 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 |
| α-muurolene | 1500 | 1496 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.2 |
| δ-cadinene | 1522 | 1515 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.4 |
| cubebol | 1514 | 1518 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 3.9 | 1.8 |
| cis-nerolidol | 1531 | 1521 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1 | 0.4 | 1.2 | |||||
| elemol | 1548 | 1548 | 4.6 | 1 | 6 | 2.4 | 8.8 | 0.5 | 15 | 13.2 | 11.2 | 13.3 | 12.7 | 8.8 |
| elemicin | 1555 | 1555 | 2.5 | 4 | 8 | |||||||||
| germacrene D-4-ol | 1574 | 1575 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 | ||
| junenol | 1618 | 1603 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.6 | |
| 1.10-di-epi-Cubenol | 1618 | 1623 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.9 |
| epi-α-Cadinol | 1638 | 1633 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | |||||
| epi-α-muurolol | 1640 | 1639 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1 |
| α-Muurolol | 1644 | 1642 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.9 | |
| α-Cadinol | 1652 | 1651 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 2 | 1.7 | 2 | 3.4 |
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 54.8 | 44.4 | 44.4 | 42.9 | 26.4 | 34.4 | 16.8 | 26.91 | 39.5 | 34.7 | 27.3 | 44.6 | ||
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | |||
| Sesquiterpenes Hydrocarbons | 23.4 | 30.4 | 24.8 | 27.1 | 27.8 | 31.4 | 38.8 | 32.3 | 27.1 | 27.8 | 32.4 | 25.9 | ||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 11.5 | 11 | 19.7 | 15.1 | 25.9 | 14.9 | 28.9 | 27.2 | 24.3 | 27.5 | 26.3 | 21.4 | ||
| Phenylpropanoids | 0.4 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 4.4 | 0.2 | 8 | ||||||||
| Others | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | ||
| Totals | 92 | 90.4 | 90.6 | 90.9 | 82.1 | 91.4 | 85.4 | 87.41 | 92 | 90.9 | 87.3 | 92.9 |
RIC: retention index (on DB-5MS column); RIL: literature retention index (Adams [36]).