Figure 1.

Effects of hops on the sleep latency time (A) and total sleep time (B) in mice that received a hypnotic dose of pentobarbital (42 mg/kg, i.p.). NOR: the 0.9% NaCl (physiological saline) group (normal control); BDZ: benzodiazepine treatment (positive control, 200 μg/kg); and Saaz–Saphir mixtures (80, 100, 120, and 150 mg/kg). Values are presented as the mean ± standard errors of the mean (SEM) for each group, n = 7. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. NOR by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.