Effects of hops extracts on the content of (A) GABA and (B) mRNA expressions of GABAergic and serotonergic receptors in mice. NOR: the 0.9% NaCl (physiological saline) group (normal control), BDZ: Benzodiazepine treatment (positive control, 200 μg/kg), Saaz (150 mg/kg), Saphir (150 mg/kg), and Saaz–Saphir (75:25, 150 mg/kg). Values are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for each group, n = 6. Asterisks indicate significant differences: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. NOR by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. NOR: Normal, BDZ: Benzodiazepine, Gabrg2: GABAA receptor subunit gamma 2, Gabbr1: GABAB receptor subunit 1, Gabbr2: GABAB receptor subunit 2, and Htr1a: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A.