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. 2021 Nov 24;26(23):7108. doi: 10.3390/molecules26237108

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Effects of the GABAA receptor antagonist on the sleep latency time (A,C) and total sleep time (B,D) in mice that received a hypnotic dose of pentobarbital (42 mg/kg, i.p.). NOR: the 0.9% NaCl (physiological saline) group (normal control), MIX (Saaz:Saphir = 75:25, 150 mg/kg), PIX (4 mg/kg), and BIC (6 mg/kg). Values are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for each group, n = 7. Asterisks indicate significant differences: ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. NOR and # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 between the antagonist treatment and non-antagonist treatment (MIX group) by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. NOR, normal; MIX, mixture; PIX, picrotoxin; BIC, bicuculline; XN, xanthohumol; HM, humulone; and ns, not significant.