Table 2. Profile of each city cluster type.

Cluster	Description	Typical cases
1	Residential area in old town, with complete property, mainly inside the city, a few stay in centres of suburban counties	People’s Publishing House second working area; Residential area of Tsinghua University; Lanxiyuan Community, Cangshang Community and Xingang Community in Shunyi District; Longtengyuan Community in Changping District.
2	Natural ecological areas with less human activities, include forest, water area of rivers and lakes, apron of airport,	Northern side of Fragrant; Wenyu river; Mangshan Hill; Wetland park of Yizhuang; Tonghui river; Beijing Capital International Airport.
3	Touristy spots, historic sites, and city parks	Purple Bamboo Park; Beijing Zoo park; Eight Great Temples of the Western Hills; Taoranting Park; Olympic Forest Park; Canal Cultural Plaza.
4	Mix of public service and industrial areas, inside the city	Harmonious Culture and Creative Industry Park; Banbidian Cultural Industrial Park; Xiaohongmen International Corporate Culture Park; Liangxiang Campus of Beijing Institute of Technology.
5	Commercial area, mostly inside the third ring road of the city	Peking University Third Hospital Capital Library of China International Trade Building Shouhui Healthy Techno Park
6	Suburban commercial and residential areas, mostly outside the third ring road of the city	The Capital Steel Corporation’s old site/ Chinese animation game City Shahe University Town China International Exhibition Center (New site) Fengtai Science and Technology Park