Table 2.
Superabsorbent hydrogels containing carboxymethyl cellulose in their composition.
| Composition | Polymerization Method | Swelling Ratio (g/g) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| CMC, acrylic acid, acryl amide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, montmorillonite, K2S2O8 (initiator), N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinker) | Graft copolymerization | 680.2 | [9] |
| CMC, cellulose, epichlorohydrin (crosslinker) | NaOH and urea water solution | 1000 | [78] |
| CMC, acrylic acid, acrylamide, crosslinkers (ammonium persulfate, N,N′–methylenebisacrylamide) | Graft copolymerization | 420.17 | [47] |
| CMC | Gamma beam irradiation | ~450 | [79] |
| CMC, starch | Gamma beam irradiation | 350 | [80] |
| CMC, acryl amide, N,N′–methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinker) | Electron beam irradiation | 2611 | [77] |
| CMC, acrylic acid, K2S2O8 (initiator), N,N′–methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinker) | Graft copolymerization, inverse suspension polymerization | 544.95 | [81] |
| CMC, starch aldehydes, citric acid (crosslinker) | n. r. | 87 | [82] |
| CMC, starch, aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate (crosslinker) | n. r. | 72 | [83] |
| CMC, cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals, citric acid (crosslinker) | Hydroxyethyle cellulose solution | 200 | [84] |
| CMC, polyvinylpyrrolidone (crosslinker) | Gamma beam irradiation | 144 | [85] |
| CMC, cellulose, epichlorohydrin (crosslinker) | NaOH/urea (7:12) water solution | 80 | [86] |
| CMC, acrylic acid, acrylamide, K2S2O8 (initiator), Na2S2O5 (initiator), N,N′–methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinker) | Free-radical grafting solution polymerization |
920 | [87] |
| CMC, acrylic acid, KOH (neutralizing agent), | Gamma beam irradiation | ~16,500 | [88] |
| CMC, chitin, epichlorohydrin (crosslinker) | NaOH 8% and urea 4% water solution | 1200 | [89] |
“n. r.”—not reported.