Fig. 5.

(a) and (b) Structural equation modelling indicating the direct and indirect impact of time, water resistome, mask MGEs, mask layer bacterial and protist α-diversity on the composition of antibiotic resistome in mask samples (Chi-square = 3.385, P = 0.496, df = 4, GFI = 0.971 and RMSEA = 0). Red and Green arrows indicate the positive and negative correlation between factors. Path coefficients are noted for each arrow. Solid and dotted lines demonstrate the significant effects on the different targets (* P ≤ 0.05，** ≤ 0.01，*** P ≤ 0.001). The variance explained by the different factors on the target is indicated by R².