Table 1.

Popular DL models used for various cardiac ultrasound applications.

Application	Popular Deep Learning Models
Cardiac viewpoint classification	Custom architecture based on VGG, ResNet, DenseNet [50]; Custom architecture based on CNNs [49]; Custom architecture fusing spatial and temporal information using CNNs [48]
LV segmentation	U-net-based architectures [59,60,62,63,71]; CNN [61]; Deep belief network (DBN) [55,68,69,70,74]; U-net combined with RNNs [64,67,75]; U-net with TL-net [72,77]
IVUS image segmentation	U-net-based architectures [80,81,83,87,89], Autoencoder [82], CNN [88]
Point of care ultrasound (POCUS)	AlexNet, VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet50, DenseNet201 [102]; LSTM [103]; CycleGAN [104];