dHACM treatment inhibits the phosphorylation of SMAD2 in cultured HDFs. Normal HDFs were stimulated with 20 ng/ml TGFβ1 for 24 hours followed by treatment with dHACM at 20, 10, or 1 mg/ml for 24 hours. Phosphorylation of SMAD2 in the fibroblasts was assessed by (a) western blot and (b) Luminex analysis. Values are normalized relative to those of the endogenous control for each experiment. All values represent mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05 versus TGFβ1 group and #P < 0.05 versus basal group using one-way ANOVA; n = 3 dHACM donors. dHACM, dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane; HDF, human dermal fibroblast; pSMAD2, phosphorylated SMAD2.