Table 2.

Summary of equivalent circuit parameters and heterogenic rate constants of the electrode reaction evaluated based on EIS measurements.

Modified Electrode	RCT [kΩ]	WCT [kΩ/s1/2]	CPECT [μF]	k × 10−5 [m/s]
GCE	111.15	236.68	4.055	4.61
CH/GCE	9.43	269.71	9.628	54.36
Cu-CH/GCE	4.67	49.69	45.262	20.21
NAF/GCE	5.75	108.14	2.997	35.75
Cu-NAF/GCE	8.03	50.19	113.810	11.88
PVP/GCE	119.65	106.49	17.710	1.69
Cu-PVP/GCE	2.81	35.29	2.438	23.87