Table 2.

Fashion MNIST, epoch (0–50), discrete optimiser, batch 128.

Optimiser	Epoch	Accuracy [%]	Total Time
WOA Best Each Generation
adam	43	89.19
adamax	50	89.72	33 min
adamax	50	89.79
adamax	50	89.84
Random Search
adagrad	50	89.83
adagrad	45	89.74	21 min
adamax	20	89.53
adagrad	40	89.52
Grid Search
adamax	45	89.88
adam	40	89.49	62 min
adamax	30	89.35
adam	30	89.06