Table 5.

Fashion MNIST 3D search space, epoch (0–50), discrete optimiser, discrete batch.

Optimiser	Epoch	Batch	Accuracy [%]	Total Time
WOA Best Each Generation
adamax	30	512	89.75
SGD	44	8	88.65
SGD	50	512	89.30	1149 min
adamax	30	512	89.50
Random Search
adamax	40	128	89.41
adam	40	32	89.19	38 min
adam	50	32	89.18
rmsprop	50	128	88.90
Grid Search
adamax	45	16	89.88
adamax	50	32	89.85	620 min
adamax	35	32	89.83
adamax	45	64	89.75