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. 2021 Sep 24;12(9):e00404. doi: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000404

Table 2.

Numbers and rates of delayed bleeding after ESD in nonelderly and elderly patients

Total (n = 10,320) Nonelderly patients, ≤80 yr (n = 8,645) Elderly patients, >80 yr (n = 1,675) P
With factor Without factor P* With factor Without factor P* With factor Without factor P*
Comorbidities
 Ischemic heart disease, n (%) 102/730 (14.0) 387/9,590 (4.0) <0.001 84/550 (15.3) 309/8,095 (3.8) 0.001 18/180 (10.0) 78/1,495 (5.2) 0.016 0.119
 Liver cirrhosis, n (%) 14/192 (7.3) 475/10,128 (4.7) 0.118 12/158 (7.6) 381/8,847 (4.5) 0.079 2/34 (5.9) 94/1,641 (5.7) 1.000 0.745
 Hemodialysis, n (%) 36/155 (23.2) 453/10,165 (4.5) <0.001 27/115 (23.5) 366/8,530 (4.3) <0.001 9/40 (22.5) 87/1,635 (5.3) <0.001 0.921
 AT therapy, n (%) 222/1,860 (11.9) 267/8,460 (3.2) <0.001 177/1,376 (12.9) 216/7,629 (3.0) <0.001 45/484 (9.3)/ 51/1,191 (4.3) <0.001 0.063
 APA, n (%) 155/1,428 (10.9) 334/8,892 (3.8) <0.001 122/1,041 (11.7) 271/7,604 (3.6) <0.001 33/387 (8.5) 63/1,288 (4.9) 0.009 0.120
 Aspirin, n (%) 110/981 (11.2) 379/9,339 (4.1) <0.001 88/722 (12.2) 305/7,923 (3.8) <0.001 22/259 (8.5) 74/1,416 (5.2) 0.042 0.145
 Cilostazol, n (%) 20/236 (8.5) 469/10,084 (4.7) 0.012 13/166 (7.8) 380/8,479 (4.5) 0.050 7/70 (10.0) 89/1,605 (5.5) 0.116 0.617
 Thienopyridine, n (%) 67/460 (14.6) 422/9,860 (4.3) <0.001 56/345 (16.2) 337/8,300 (4.1) <0.001 11/115 (9.6) 85/1,560 (5.4) 0.091 0.124
 Anticoagulant drug, n (%) 111/579 (19.2) 378/9,741 (3.9) <0.001 91/445 (20.4) 302/8,200 (3.7) <0.001 20/134 (14.9) 76/1,541 (4.9) <0.001 0.235
 Warfarin, n (%) 68/326 (20.9) 421/9,994 (4.2) <0.001 52/238 (21.8) 341/8,407 (4.1) <0.001 16/88 (18.2) 80/1,587 (5.0) <0.001 0.556
 DOAC, n (%) 43/253 (17.0) 446/10,067 (4.4) <0.001 39/207 (18.8) 354/8,438 (4.2) <0.001 4/46 (8.7) 92/1,629 (5.6) 0.332 0.151
 Interruption of AT agents, n (%) 175/1,406 (12.4) 314/8,911 (3.5) <0.001 140/1,034 (13.5) 253/7,608 (3.3) <0.001 35/372 (9.4) 61/1,303 (4.7) 0.001 0.065
  One kind of AT agent, n (%) 137/1,215 (11.3) 314/8,911 (3.5) <0.001 108/887 (12.2) 253/7,608 (3.3) <0.001 29/328 (8.8) 61/1,303 (4.7) <0.001 0.142
  Two kinds of AT agent, n (%) 34/181 (18.8) 314/8,911 (3.5) 29/142 (20.4) 253/7,608 (3.3) 5/39 (12.8) 61/1,303 (4.7)
  Three kinds of AT agent, n (%) 4/10 (40.0) 314/8,911 (3.5) 3/5 (60.0) 253/7,608 (3.3) 1/5 (20.0)/ 61/1,303 (4.7)
 Replacement of APAs, n (%) 14/121 (11.6) 475/10,198 (4.7) 0.002 10/83 (12.0) 383/8,561 (4.5) 0.004 4/38 (10.5) 92/1,637 (5.6) 0.273 0.824
 Heparin bridging, n (%) 77/429 (17.9) 412/9,891 (4.2) <0.001 63/322 (19.6) 330/8,323 (4.0) <0.001 14/107 (13.1)/ 82/1,568 (5.2) 0.004 0.200
Lesion
 Multiple tumors, n (%) 83/1,294 (6.4) 406/9,026 (4.5) 0.003 63/1,053 (6.0) 330/7,592 (4.3) 0.022 20/241 (8.3) 76/1,434 (5.3) 0.072 0.218
 Location in lower third of stomach, n (%) 270/4,688 (5.8) 219/5,632 (3.9) <0.001 213/3,860 (5.5) 180/4,785 (3.8) <0.001 57/828 (6.9) 39/847 (4.6) 0.046 0.150
 Undifferentiated type, n (%) 26/506 (5.1) 463/9,814 (4.7) 0.677 22/469 (4.7)/ 371/8,176 (4.5) 0.820 4/37 (10.8) 92/1,638 (5.6) 0.158 0.132
 Tumor size (>30 mm), n (%) 84/1,217 (6.9) 405/9,103 (4.4) <0.001 66/982 (6.7) 327/7,663 (4.3) 0.001 18/235 (7.7) 78/1,440 (5.4) 0.173 0.635
 Invasion to SM2, n (%) 39/655 (6.0) 450/9,664 (4.7) 0.125 30/535 (5.6) 363/8,109 (4.5) 0.237 9/120 (7.5)/ 87/1,555 (5.6) 0.411 0.458
 Ulceration (scar), n (%) 51/977 (5.2) 437/9,320 (4.7) 0.479 39/813 (4.8) 353/7,811 (4.5) 0.723 12/164 (7.3) 84/1,508 (5.6) 0.375 0.212
Procedure
 Procedure time >120 min, n (%) 112/1,886 (5.9) 375/8,411 (4.5) 0.007 90/1,570 (5.7) 302/7,061 (4.3) 0.016 22/316 (7.0) 73/1,350 (5.4) 0.282 0.428
 En block resection, n (%) 486/10,259 (4.7) 3/61 (4.9) 0.765 391/8,597 (4.5) 2/48 (4.2) 0.899 95/1,662 (5.7) 1/13 (7.7) 0.537 0.051
 Second-look endoscopy, n (%) 361/7,384 (4.9) 128/2,936 (4.4) 0.259 292/6,128 (4.8) 101/2,517 (4.0) 0.139 69/1,256 (5.5) 27/419 (6.4) 0.468 0.300
 Perforation, n (%) 5/154 (3.2) 483/10,149 (4.8) 0.664 4/127 (3.1) 389/8,503 (4.6) 0.522 1/27 (3.7)/ 94/1,646 (5.7) 0.192 0.887
 Transfusion, n (%) 138/143 (96.5) 350/10,176 (3.4) <0.001 107/111 (96.4) 285/8,533 (3.3) <0.001 31/32 (96.9) 65/1,643 (4.0) <0.001 0.986
 Surgery, n (%) 0 (0) 489/10,320 (4.7) 0 (0) 393/8,645 (4.5) 0 (0) 96/1,675 (5.7)
 Death, n (%) 0 (0) 489/10,320 (4.7) 0 (0) 393/8,645 (4.5) 0 (0) 96/1,675 (5.7)

P: comparison of the rate of patients with the factor between nonelderly patients and elderly patients.

P*: comparison of the rate between patients with and without the factor.

APA, antiplatelet agent; AT, antithrombotic; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; H2RA, histamine 2 receptor antagonist; P-CAB, potassium-competitive acid blocker; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; SM2, submucosal invasion ≥500 μm from the muscularis mucosa.