Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of predictive factors for ESD-associated bleeding at the time of treatment in nonelderly patients
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | ||
| Sex | Men | 1.633 | 1.248–2.138 | <0.001 | 1.258 | 0.951–1.663 | 0.108 |
| Ischemic heart disease | Yes | 4.542 | 3.507–5.883 | <0.001 | 1.861 | 1.295–2.673 | 0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis | Yes | 1.749 | 0.962–3.178 | 0.067 | |||
| Hemodialysis | Yes | 6.844 | 4.391–10.666 | <0.001 | 4.363 | 2.652–7.178 | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | Yes | 3.467 | 2.698–4.454 | <0.001 | 1.898 | 1.332–2.702 | <0.001 |
| Cilostazol | Yes | 1.811 | 1.019–3.220 | 0.043 | 1.400 | 0.736–2.663 | 0.305 |
| Thienopyridine | Yes | 4.579 | 3.371–6.219 | <0.001 | 3.205 | 2.012–5.105 | <0.001 |
| Warfarin | Yes | 6.613 | 4.773–9.162 | <0.001 | 6.945 | 3.951–12.209 | <0.001 |
| DOAC | Yes | 5.301 | 3.683–7.631 | <0.001 | 7.934 | 4.692–13.414 | <0.001 |
| Interruption of AT agents | Yes | 4.553 | 3.661–5.660 | <0.001 | 0.709 | 0.454–1.107 | 0.130 |
| Replacement of APAs | Yes | 2.925 | 1.499–5.709 | 0.002 | 0.760 | 0.350–1.651 | 0.488 |
| Heparin bridging | Yes | 5.892 | 4.380–7.925 | <0.001 | 1.011 | 0.622–1.643 | 0.965 |
| Number of tumors | Multiple | 1.400 | 1.061–1.848 | 0.017 | 1.251 | 0.932–1.681 | 0.136 |
| Tumor size | >30 mm | 1.616 | 1.230–2.124 | 0.001 | 1.763 | 1.322–2.350 | <0.001 |
| Tumor location | Lower third | 1.494 | 1.219–1.831 | <0.001 | 1.597 | 1.287–1.981 | <0.001 |
| Tumor differentiation | Undifferentiated | 1.035 | 0.667–1.609 | 0.877 | |||
APA, antiplatelet agent; AT, antithrombotic; CI, confidence interval; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; OR, odds ratio.