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. 2021 Nov 15;10:e73753. doi: 10.7554/eLife.73753

Figure 10. Water extract of Gastrodia elata Blume (WGE) prevents dopaminergic neuron loss, microglial activation, and phosphorylation of LRRK2, Smad2, and Smad3.

(A, C) Representative images showing TH-positive dopaminergic neurons (A) or Iba-1-positive microglia (C) in the substantia nigra of 11.5-month-old nTg, LRRK2-G2019S, and WGE-fed LRRK2-G2019S mice. Bars: 100 μm in (A) and 50 μm in (C). (B, D) Quantification of numbers of TH-positive (B) or Iba-1-positive cells (D) relative to DAPI cells. (E) Representative immunoblots of nigrostriatal lysates prepared from 11.5-month-old nTg, LRRK2-G2019S, and WGE-fed LRRK2-G2019S mice reveal expression levels of LRRK2, pLRRK2 (Ser1292), Smad2, pSmad2 (Ser465 and Ser467), Smad3, and pSmad3 (Ser423 and Ser425). Actin acted as a loading control. (F, G) Quantifications of LRRK2 and pLRRK2/LRRK2 (F), as well as pSmad2/Smad2 and pSmad3/Smad3 (G). Data in (B, D, F, G) are presented as mean ± SEM (N = 3). One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparison test: *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ns, not significant.

Figure 10.

Figure 10—figure supplement 1. Water extract of Gastrodia elata Blume (WGE) suppresses microglia activation in LRRK2-G2019S mice.

Figure 10—figure supplement 1.

Single-channel images of Figure 10C show Iba-1-positive microglia in the substantia nigra of 11.5-month-old nTg, LRRK2-G2019S, and WGE-fed LRRK2-G2019S mice. Bars: 50 μm.