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. 2021 Dec 7;264:109299. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109299

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Fig. 2 — Dose-response of GRFT inhibition against PDCoV infection and mannose competitive inhibition. (A) Immunofluorescence assay of PDCoV-infected IPI-2I cells in presence of increasing concentrations of GRFT. (B) For each condition, three 20× objective fields were randomly acquired and analyzed for a total number of cells (DAPI nuclei stain) and N-positive cells (infected cells). Results are expressed as percentage infected cells. (C) Western-blot assay of PDCoV N protein. (D) A gray value analysis of western-blot result. (E) Relative N mRNA amount was measured by RT-qPCR. The results showed that GRFT had a remarkable inhibition against PDCoV infection at concentrations above 1 μg/mL. The orange column indicated that relative N mRNA level rose after mannose treatment. (F) Virus titers decreased markedly with treatment of 1 μg/mL GRFT at the infection process. However, pre-incubation of GRFT with mannose could significantly antagonize the antiviral effect of GRFT and increase the virus titer.