Table 1.
Differences in clinical characteristics between pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma patients with and without recurrence.
| Patients | Total patients | Recurrence group | No recurrence group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 42% (87/208) | 39% (37/96) | 45% (50/112) | 0.400 |
| Age at diagnosis,y | 36 ± 15 | 32.2 ± 14.9 | 40.5 ± 12.9 | 0.000 |
| Follow-up time,y | 7.0 (4.0,9.3) | 6.0 (4.0,9.0) | 8.0 (7.0,9.8) | |
| BPmax, mmHg | ||||
| Systolic BP | 189 ± 39 | 196 ± 36 | 179 ± 51 | 0.203 |
| Diastolic BP | 115 ± 26 | 120 ± 25 | 108 ± 32 | 0.104 |
| Typical symptomsa | 80% (167/208) | 77% (74/96) | 72% (81/106) | 0.911 |
| Functionality | ||||
| NE, ug/24h. | 166 (58,386) | 220 (73,555) | 127 (42,323) | 0.099 |
| E, ug/24h. | 3.7 (2.7,7.6) | 3.8 (2.5,7.4) | 3.6 (2.7,10.4) | 0.592 |
| DA, ug/24h. | 221 (156,319) | 252 (166,327) | 212 (149,304) | 0.244 |
| NSE, ng/mL | 14.1 (11.0, 17.2) | 14.7 (12.0,18.1) | 12.7 (10.6,16.7) | 0.801 |
| Primary tumor size | 5.8 ± 2.4 | 6.2 ± 2.3 | 5.6 ± 2.5 | 0.078 |
| Tumor size≥5cm | 64% (124/195) | 78% (69/88) | 51% (55/107) | 0.000 |
| Tumor site | ||||
| Left adrenal gland | 28% (59/208) | 30% (29/96) | 27% (30/112) | 0.585 |
| Right adrenal gland | 28% (60/208) | 29% (27/96) | 29% (33/112) | 0.832 |
| Bilateral adrenal glands | 11% (23/208) | 10% (10/96) | 12% (13/112) | 0.785 |
| Paragangliomas | 32% (66/208) | 30% (29/96) | 33% (37/112) | 0.662 |
| Multiple primary tumors | 15% (31/208) | 16% (15/96) | 14% (16/112) | 0.787 |
| Laparotomy | 36% (70/196) | 54% (42/87) | 27% (28/109) | 0.001 |
| Gene mutation | 33% (60/182) | 42% (33/78) | 26% (27/104) | 0.020 |
| SDHB | 12% (21/182) | 19% (15/78) | 6% (6/104) | 0.005 |
| VHL | 6% (11/182) | 9% (7/78) | 4% (4/104) | 0.210 |
| RET | 10% (19/182) | 8% (6/78) | 13% (13/104) | 0.336 |
| SDHD | 3% (5/182) | 3% (2/78) | 3% (3/104) | 0.896 |
| SDHA | 1% (2/182) | 1% (1/78) | 1% (1/104) | 0.837 |
| MAX | 1% (2/182) | 3% (2/78) | 0% (0/104) | 0.101 |
| Capsular invasion | 11% (21/186) | 20% (15/76) | 5% (6/110) | 0.002 |
| Vascular tumor embolus | 9% (16/186) | 14% (11/76) | 4% (5/110) | 0.018 |
| Ki-67 count | 1% (<1%, 3%)) | 4.5% (2%, 8%) | 1% (<1%,2%) | 0.001 |
| Ki-67 count ≥3% | 26% (40/154) | 43% (23/54) | 17% (17/100) | 0.001 |
BP, blood pressure; a, the classic triad of headache, palpitation, and profuse sweating; NE, 24-hour urinary norepinephrine excretion (normal range: 17-41 μg/24 h); E, 24-hour urinary epinephrine excretion (normal range: 1.74-6.42 μg/24 h; DA, 24-hour urinary dopamine excretion (normal range: 121-331 μg/24 h); NSE, neuron specific enolase (normal range: 0-16.3 ng/mL).
Bold values indicate significant P values.