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. 2021 Nov 25;12:738784. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738784

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Copyright © 2021 Abd El-Aziz, Tartor, Gharieb, Erfan, Khalifa, Said, Ammar and Samir.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Heatmap supported by hierarchical clustering (dendrogram) depicting the overall distribution of genetic markers (A) and efflux pumps gene expression (B) in the 29 XDR Salmonella isolates. The isolates are color-annotated based on their hosts (C, chicken; D, duck; H, human; P, pigeon, and Q, quails) and resistance pattern [i.e., to CIP, ciprofloxacin (n = 4) and to both CIP and TIG (n = 25)]. The genetic markers are color-annotated based on their type. BR, binding region; ORF, open reading frame.