RA	rheumatoid arthritis
DMARDs	disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
RF	rheumatoid factor
ACPA	anti-citrullinated protein antibodies
FLS	fibroblast-like synoviocyte
MLS	macrophage-like synoviocyte
CPJ	cartilage-pannus junction
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
NOD	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
IL	interleukin
CXCL	chemokine CXC ligand
CCL	CC-chemokine ligand
IL-6R	IL-6 receptor, among others
sIL-1R1	soluble IL-1 receptor type 1, among others
TGF	transforming growth factor
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
SMAD	Sma Mothers Against Decapentaplegic
sICAM-1	soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1
MC	mast cell
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
FGF-2	fibroblast growth factor-2
CMP	common myeloid progenitor
BM	bone marrow
MPS	mononuclear phagocyte system
MTX	methotrexate
IC	IgG-containing immune complexes
APRIL	a proliferation-inducing ligand
TLR	toll-like receptor
ENO-1	alpha-enolase-1
ENOSF1	enolase superfamily member 1
tmTNF	transmembrane TNF
Mo-DC	monocyte-derived dendritic cell
mDC	myeloid DC
pDC	plasmacytoid DC
BAFF	B cell activating factor
anti-CCP	anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide
AA	adjuvant-induced arthritis
PAR2	protease-activated receptor-2
LPM	large peritoneal macrophage
SPM	small peritoneal macrophage
SM	synovial macrophage
ESM	embryonic SM
BMSM	bone marrow-derived SM
MRP	myeloid related proteins
IRF	interferon regulatory factor
CIA	collagen-induced arthritis
PGE2	prostaglandin E2
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
VCAM1	vascular cell adhesion protein 1
Tfh	T follicular helper
GM-CSF	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
GM-CSFR	GM-CSF receptor
CTx-1	C-telopeptide of type I collagen
EC	endothelial cell
CTLA4	cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4
BTK	Bruton’s tyrosine kinase
SNP	single nucleotide polymorphism
SPAG16	sperm-associated antigen 16
GWAS	genome-wide association study
DREAM	dialogue on reverse engineering assessment and methods
RANKL	receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
PTPN22	protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22
CCR6	C-C chemokine receptor 6
PADI4	peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV
STAT4	signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 protein
CTLA4	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4
SNPs	single nucleotide polymorphisms
NSAIDs	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
mTSS	modified total sharp score
ITT	intention to treat
SPS	standard population set
HAQ-DI	HAQ disability index
AUC	area under the curve
SDAI	simplified disease activity index
AEs	adverse events
SAEs	serious adverse events
AESI	adverse events of special interests
Cmax	maximum observed concentration
AUC[0-t]	AUC from time zero to the time
AUC[0-inf]	AUC from time zero extrapolated to infinity
AUCtau	AUC over the dosing interval
Tmax	time to reach Cmax
t1/2	terminal half-life
ECG	electrocardiogram
TEAEs	treatment-emergent adverse events
TESAEs	treatment-emergent serious adverse events