TABLE 4.
Characteristics of patients with overt (n = 152) and subclinical (n = 34) DIC
|
Overt DIC n = 152 |
Subclinical DIC n = 34 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||
| Age, y (median, IQR) | 64 (52‐73) | 67 (48‐77) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 65 (43) | 19 (56) |
| 30‐day all‐cause mortality, n (%) | 95 (63) | 0 (0) |
| DIC etiology, n (%) | ||
| Infection/sepsis | 132 (87) | 30 (88) |
| Malignancy | 40 (26) | 10 (29) |
| Other a | 44 (29) | 6 (18) |
| Thrombosis, n (%) | ||
| Microthrombus formation | ||
| No | ≤5 | 11 (32) |
| Suspected | 46 (30) | 23 (68) |
| Yes | 101 (66) | 0 (0) |
| Venous thrombosis | 14 (9) | ≤5 |
| Arterial thrombosis | 36 (24) | 7 (21) |
| Bleeding | ||
| No | 28 (18) | 25 (74) |
| Suspected | 9 (6) | 2 (6) |
| Yes (any) | 115 (76) | 7 (21) |
| WHO grade 2 | 111 (73) | 7 (21) |
| WHO grade 3‐4 | 47 (31) | 2 (6) |
| Laboratory results | ||
|
Platelet count, ×109/L (ref: 150‐400) |
42 (26‐76) | 66 (36‐100) |
|
Fibrinogen, μmol/L (ref: 5.5‐12.0) |
7.5 (4.0‐12.2) | 12.6 (9.5‐15.5) |
| INR (ref: <1.2) | 2.0 (1.7‐2.5) | 1.8 (1.3‐2.0) |
| Fibrin D‐dimer, mg/L b | 16.5 (8.6‐21.0) | 12.6 (7.5‐21.0) |
|
Antithrombin activity, IU/L (ref: 0.80‐1.20) |
0.47 (0.35‐0.64) | 0.70 (0.57‐0.82) |
| aPTT, s c (ref: 20‐29) | 49 (36‐65) | 33 (29‐35) |
| SAPS III score | 70 (60‐87) | 76 (65‐84) |
| SOFA score | 15 (12‐18) | 8 (5‐14) |
| Treatment received | ||
| LMWH (prophylactic) | 64 (42) | 15 (44) |
| LMWH (treatment) | 13 (9) | 6 (18) |
| UFH | 26 (17) | ≤5 |
| Red blood cell transfusion | 69 (45) | 6 (18) |
| Platelet transfusion | 78 (51) | 6 (18) |
| Fresh frozen plasma | 77 (51) | ≤5 |
| Fibrinogen concentrate | 16 (11) | 0 (0) |
| Tranexamic acid | 11 (7) | ≤5 |
| Antithrombin | 28 (18) | ≤5 |
| Surgery d | 26 (17) | ≤5 |
| Dialysis | 70 (46) | ≤5 |
| ECMO | 27 (18) | ≤5 |
| Inotropes | 112 (74) | 15 (44) |
Abbreviations: ALAT, alanine transaminase; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range; LMWH, low‐molecular‐weight heparin; ref, reference interval; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; UFH, unfractionated heparin.
Other conditions include obstetric complications, cardiac arrest, acute pancreatitis.
Reference intervals are age specific: <55 years, <0.50 mg/L; 55‐64 years, <0.60 mg/L; 65‐74 years, <0.70 mg/L; 75‐84 years, <0.80 mg/L; 85‐94 years, <0.90 mg/L; ≥95 years, <1.0 mg/L.
Restricted to individuals after July 1, 2016, due to changes in the reference interval for the analysis.
Amputation or bowel resection.