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. 2021 Oct 28;65(1):150–158. doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05582-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Association of exercise facility availability with (a–c) type 2 diabetes and (d–f) obesity, adjusted by age and population density. Interactions by area-level SES are presented. Overall data are shown (a, d), as well as data stratified by sex: men (b, e); women (c, f). Dashed lines at PR 1.0 represent the reference group (highest availability of exercise facilities). There was a statistically significant effect modification of area-level SES on the relationship between exercise facility availability and obesity and type 2 diabetes (p value for interaction <0.001)