Table 2.
Complications and current treatment for participants of the WellGen and ANDIS studies stratified by sex
| Complication/treatment | WellGen | ANDIS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male participants | Female participants | Total (%) | p value | Male participants | Female participants | Total (%) | p value | |
| n (%) | 902 (56.0) | 710 (44.0) | 1612 (100) | 567 (58.9) | 395 (41.1) | 962 (100) | ||
| Duration of diabetes, years | 9.73 (8.57) | 9.70 (7.74) | 9.72 (8.21) | 4.27 (2.56) | 4.27 (2.34) | 4.27 (2.47) | ||
| Current treatment | ||||||||
| Diet only | 77 (8.5) | 58 (8.2) | 135 (8.4) | 0.791 | 34 (6.0) | 43 (10.9) | 77 (8.0) | 0.006a |
| OHA only | 558 (61.9) | 421 (59.3) | 979 (60.7) | 0.295 | 382 (67.4) | 247 (62.5) | 629 (65.4) | 0.121 |
| Only on insulin | 51 (5.7) | 34 (4.8) | 85 (5.3) | 0.440 | 28 (4.9) | 31 (7.8) | 59 (6.1) | 0.064 |
| Both OHA and insulin | 216 (23.9) | 197 (27.7) | 413 (25.6) | 0.083 | 122 (21.5) | 72 (18.2) | 194 (20.2) | 0.211 |
| Complications | ||||||||
| CVD (Coronary events and/or stroke)b | 89 (9.9) | 31 (4.4) | 120 (7.4) | 0.0001a | 27 (4.8) | 7 (1.8) | 34 (3.6) | 0.013 |
| Coronary event | 76 (8.4) | 24 (3.3) | 100 (6.2) | 0.0001a | 19 (3.4) | 4 (1.0) | 23 (2.4) | 0.019 |
| Stroke | 17 (1.9) | 9 (1.3) | 26 (1.7) | 0.329 | 8 (1.4) | 3 (0.8) | 11 (1.2) | 0.348 |
| Nephropathy (proteinuria and/or CKD)c | 361 (40.0) | 200 (28.2) | 561 (34.8) | 0.0001a | 181 (45.9) | 129 (45.7) | 310 (45.9) | 0.960 |
| Macroalbuminuriad | 167 (19.2) | 83 (12.3) | 250 (16.2) | 0.0001a | 61 (17.1) | 29 (11.4) | 90 (14.7) | 0.047 |
| CKD: eGFRe, f | 268 (32.3) | 145 (22.7) | 413 (28.1) | 0.0001a | 142 (26.0) | 109 (28.7) | 251 (27.1) | 0.359 |
| Early CKD (60–90 ml min−1 [1.73m]−2) | 208 (25.0) | 122 (19.1) | 330 (22.4) | 0.007 | 132 (24.6) | 105 (27.9) | 237 (26.0) | 0.257 |
| Moderate (30–60 ml min−1 [1.73m]−2) | 54 (6.5) | 20 (3.1) | 74 (5.0) | 0.003a | 7 (1.3) | 4 (1.1) | 11 (1.2) | 0.747 |
| Severe (<30 ml min−1 [1.73m]−2) | 6 (0.7) | 3 (0.5) | 9 (0.6) | 0.537 | 3 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.3) | 0.148 |
| Retinopathy (n=657)g | 102 (29.4) | 78 (25.2) | 180 (27.4) | 0.225 | 34 (19.4) | 23 (20.0) | 57 (19.8) | 0.905 |
| NPDR | 93 (26.8) | 74 (23.9) | 167 (25.4) | 0.389 | 33 (19.0) | 22 (19.3) | 55 (19.1) | 0.944 |
| PDR | 9 (2.6) | 4 (1.3) | 13 (2.0) | 0.231 | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (0.7) | 0.764 |
| Neuropathyh | 359 (40.7) | 351 (50.6) | 710 (45.1) | 0.0001a | 14 (2.5) | 2 (0.5) | 16 (1.7) | 0.019 |
Values are n (%)
aBonferroni corrected significant p values
bCVD: data available for n=1612 (Male n=902, Female n=710) for WellGen, n=956 (Male n=563, Female n=393) for ANDIS
cNephropathy: data available for n=1612 (Male n=902, Female n=710) for WellGen, n=676 (Male n=394, Female n=282) for ANDIS
dMacroalbuminuria: data available for n=1544 (Male n=869, Female n=675) for WellGen, n=611(Male n=356, Female n=255) for ANDIS
eBased on MDRD formula
fCKD: eGFR: data available for n=1471(Male n=831, Female n=640) for WellGen and n=927 (Male n=547, Female n=380) for ANDIS
gDiabetic retinopathy: data available for n=657 (Male n=347, Female n=310) for WellGen and n=288 (Male n=174, Female n=114) for ANDIS
hNeuropathy: data available for n=1576 (Male n=883, Female n=693), diagnosed using Biothesiometry for WellGen, n=956 (Male n=563, Female n=393), ICD codes ICD-10 = E104 or E114 for ANDIS
p values were calculated by χ2 test
NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; OHA, oral glucose-lowering agent; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy