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. 2021 Dec 9;11:23714. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03109-x

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Time courses of changes in gas-exchange variables and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in the control, taste, and chewing trials. Circles, triangles, and squares denote data from the control, taste, and chewing trials, respectively. ·VO₂ oxygen uptake, DIT diet-induced thermogenesis, ·VCO₂ carbon dioxide output, RER respiratory exchange ratio. ^*P < 0.05, vs. resting baseline in each trial. ^†P < 0.05, difference between control and taste trials. ^‡P < 0.05, difference between control and chewing trials. ^#P < 0.05, difference between taste and chewing trials.