Fig. 1. Plasma collection and metabolome analyses in the MHU-3 project.

a Schematic presentation of the MHU-3 project in which spaceflight (FL) and ground control (GC) experiments were performed. Blood samples were collected from the mouse tail at pre-flight (L-17; 17 days before launch), in-flight (L+18; 18 days after launch) and post-flight (R+2; 2 days after return) time points. The numbers of mice analysed in this study are noted. b Flow chart of metabolome analyses of tail plasma samples collected at three time points. Plasma samples were submitted for the measurement of 624 metabolites (dataset M624) using UHPLC-MS/MS and an MxP Quant 500 kit. From the M624 dataset, 241 metabolites were qualified and selected for further review (M241). c, d Heatmap analyses for 104 metabolites selected from M241 for FL (c) and GC (d) experiments with a coefficient of variation (CV) value ≤30% (dataset M104). Means of FL-WT/L-17 (c) or GC-WT/L-17 (d) were set to one. The results of M104 are aligned in columns by ID, as described in Supplementary Data 2. AA amino acids, AA-related amino acid-related metabolites, BAm biogenic amines, CA carboxylic acids, FA fatty acids, InD indole derivatives, AC acylcarnitines, CE cholesteryl esters, LysoPC lysophosphatidylcholines, PC phosphatidylcholines, SL sphingolipids.