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. 2021 Nov 26;12:785220. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785220

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Copyright © 2021 Farahi, Sinha and Lusis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Macrophage cholesterol uptake and efflux. Mφs uptake VLDL and Ox-LDL via SRs including SR-A1, CD36, and LOX-1. The internalized LDL is esterified by acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferases and stored in lipid droplets. The ester group is removed from cholesteryl by neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase through lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) to release FC. ABCA1 transporter mediates the FC efflux from Mφs with ApoA-1. ABCG1 and SR-B1 also efflux FC to mature HDL. Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1).